The EMN Research Study I was designed to overcome the lack of comparable material on the social and economic impact of immigration in Europe. This EU-level compares the impact third country nationals have on the economy, civil society and in the political context in the following nine EU Member States: Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden and the UK. The assembled information provides insight into the varying situations of migrants in the different member states. Among many topics, this report analyses immigrant impact on national welfare states, employment sectors, and immigrant participation in civil society and politics, including trade unions and worker associations. It discusses the cultural impact of immigrants, including the fields of food, sport, fashion, art and media. Finally, the report analyses the situation of the third country nationals themselves, in relation to the provision of support and restrictions adopted by governments, NGOs or welfare institutions in the countries concerned (e.g. access to employment, housing, welfare system, language training, availability of support services, etc.).
The study aims to contribute an objective scientific perspective to the European debate on irregular immigration. Perceived as a threatening phenomenon, it is assumed that irregular immigration undermines state sovereignty and endangers social and internal security. The study was completed by nine network members: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands and UK.
Differing state approaches, both preventative and remedial, towards illegally resident immigrants are examined by each respective network member. The study also contributes toward a better understanding of the social situation of the illegal immigrants, examining the legal and administrative frameworks related to illegal migration, as well as a qualitative approach to the economic and social standing of the immigrants themselves. Finally, the economic and social impact of the illegal/undocumented immigrants on the host society is analysed. These focuses have been chosen in order to provide a platform of information for better-informed policymaking.
Ten network members (Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Sweden, the Netherlands, UK) participated in this third research study on return migration. Return migration is a wide-ranging field in migration research, including the return of any migrant who travels back to his or her country of origin for any reason. This group includes, but is not limited to, failed asylum seekers, those protected under temporary schemes, refugees after the termination of their asylum status, irregular labour migrants, migrants whose temporary work permit has expired, and illegal transit migrants.
Return migration can be either forced or voluntary. This boundary is often difficult to decipher, one of the main reasons prompting this study. The main objectives of this study are to achieve a better understanding of the different member state approaches, and the EU at large, in dealing with return migration; to develop comparable and reliable data on return measures and programmes; to determine gaps in research; and to provide policy-makers with detailed and current data on return policies.
As a result of the need for information at the European level for reliable and comprehensive data on the conditions and capacities of existing reception facilities in the 25 EU Member States, the network members (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden and the UK) have decided to carry out the above mentioned study. This problem-oriented analysis includes the perspectives of a variety of actors (NGOs, state institutions, management agencies of the centres, etc.).
The study examines the emergence and successive development of accommodation centres and other reception facilities, with a brief description of the main administrative procedures undertaken by the applicants, highlighting the legal requirements for accommodation and benefit recipients. The study analyses the number, location, capacity and organisation of accommodation centres and other reception facilities, as well as the provision of services and the general social situation of the applicants.
The health sector in European countries is just one area being drastically affected by changes in society and the economy in relation to migration. Not only is there a demographic change prompting the need for more elderly care personnel, but today’s culturally diverse population has different cultural and linguistic care needs. The health sector in today’s labour market is a marked area for successful migrant labour recruitment. Training methods and requirements for employment in this field have changed to adapt to the high amount of immigrant workers.
This small scale study contributes to this research in this area by examining the existing changes and trends in migration with respect to the health sector in each member state (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Sweden and the UK). The synthesis report allows for a comparative analysis of the different approaches by each member state. The study accomplishes this by reviewing the legal framework of migration policy in this sector, covering local, regional, national and EU regulations, as well as bilateral and multilateral agreements. Information is provided on recruitment policy and procedures, and on the experiences related to these interventions. The study includes quantitative data on employment and immigrant activities in the health sector, and provides a statistical overview of the health sector labour market situation. Finally, data on immigrant status and the standard of living of the relevant labour migrants are addressed.
This small scale study contributes to the development of a proposed directive on the entry of third-country highly-skilled workers to the EU by providing an overview of the current status and needs in the contributing Member States. The Synthesis Report, through a systematic comparative method, identifies the similarities and differences in the approaches of the Member States allowing for a concise overview of the phenomenon.
The study provides an overview of the situation in each Member State (Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia , Sweden, the Netherlands and id="R1") participating in this study of its policy, practice and needs in regard to third-country highly-skilled workers. Topics covered will include the legislation currently in place, and any current reviews/proposed changes; details and experiences of current programmes; and the rights and obligations of such workers. Complementary statistical data, to the extent possible, are also provided.
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